Question n°1
Which of the following represents the primary cause of heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation?
Question n°2
Which of the following equations calculates the total stroke volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle during systole when a dog has mitral regurgitation?
Question n°3
Which of the following hormones is not believed to have a detrimental effect on the myocardium during remodelling?
Question n°4
Which of the statements below most accurately describes the relationship between heart size and murmur intensity in dogs with mitral valve disease?
Question n°5
Increased levels of which hormone, in the later stages of heart failure, result in the development of hyponatraemia (a low plasma sodium concentration).
Question n°6
Which adaptive mechanism is stimulated first in the sequence of adaptive responses to inadequate cardiac output?
Question n°7
Which of the following combinations of clinical findings is most likely to come about secondary to elevated left atrial pressure in canine patients with mitral regurgitation?
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